Bachelor of Industrial Technology Center and
services no. 26
Test
"The Muxe's, the third kind in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Juchitan,
Oaxaca."
Ingrid López Pineda Xhunashi
Specialty: Preparation
of Food and Beverage
Grade and Group: 3rd "E"
No L: 25
Materia: Biology
Teacher: Med. Cir. Fausto Ortiz Guzmán
Test type: Scientific Testing
Delivery date: October 7, 2016
Unity: second unit
In this paper we discussed what is considered the
"third genre" in Juchitan, Oaxaca. The muxe's; Those men who
have decided to live their lives as women, act like women, dress like women,
talk like them, forms of expression and even the work development an women
here. They inquired in l way are treated, the prestige of the community and how
others see them; something very surprising since we live in an
underdeveloped country where machismo predominates and intolerance towards
other preferences of
sex. At the end the true role that lead these people and respect given to them was
exposed.
In This paper, we discussed what is consider the
"third genre" in Juchitán, Oaxaca. The muxe's; men who have decided to live as
women their lives, act like women, women dress like, talk like them, forms of
expression and even the work carried out by women in this place. It explores the way they
are treated, the prestige of the community and how others see them; something very surprising since we live in an
underdeveloped country where chauvinism and intolerance towards predominates
other sexual preferences.
At the end, it will expose the true lead role that these people and respect given
to them.
Or is
talked about where it comes from the word muxe' and why so many people openly declared
with other preferences in this place and how they are "accepted"
contrary to what happens in the rest of the country. The question of why they do not
consider themselves as gay or homosexual is also played. A hypothesis that
the end will be answered as to the issues that we took playing.
This test was intended give,
from a point of view about this community and contest ar a question that was
raised about this genre so interesting. Many times you have a closed mind about
many issues related to sexuality, especially with people they have different
tastes and preferences that´s why is mportant that anyone interested in the subject
read this essay in order to have a more open mind and learn more about the
culture, not only in Oaxaca, but also in Mexico; to expose it to
the world. And so you can have more tolerance for all regardless of gender,
preferences, economics, etc.
The hypothesis raised in this and essay is: 10 0% of muxe's feel accepted and respected by the community,
friends and family, in Juchitan, Oaxaca;
even regardless of their way of being, dress, speak or where jan lock; that those who are rejected, abused and socially
denigrated.
Are
Muxe's really respected in Juchitan or are so discriminated as in the rest of
the country?
To begin you have to understand what a Muxe' "The word comes from
Spanish woman, and began to be used since the sixteenth century, when men were
responsible for going to the field and the women and were responsible muxe's
trade" (Cabrera, 2016).
Those
men who throughout his life realized that they felt "different" from
other children, as they grew preferred to dress as a woman, take care of home,
accompany their mothers to the market (a place where it is very rare to see a
man), basically they decided to change their gender to female and start acting
like one, speaking, walking, dressing and even assuming women 's work.
There
are more than 160 thousand habitants in Juchitan, in one block from the 9
sections that make up the place, you can be found between 10 and 15 muxe's.
We live in
an underdeveloped country, such as Mexico, where machismo rules and intolerance
toward homosexuals and transvestites. According to surveys conducted:
The 48.4%
of Mexicans do not allow at home to live a homosexual person, 94.7% suffer
discrimination, while 43% say they have been discriminated against; for 60% of homosexuals
said the biggest enemy is society itself. (Conapred, 2010)
In front
to these results was very surprising to find the small town of Juchitan, where
it is very common to see men dressed as women, assuming that genre and like the
most people, at first glance, do not mess with them or there is a great
intolerance.
"Pilar is muxe' since birth and only God
knows why she is so, so says her mother, Mrs. Cecilia, not ashamed of having a
muxe' in your family is a blessing "and it does not give her worth
living" (Manzo, 2015).
Pilar and there are many other families who accept their children who
decide to live your life this way, especially mothers are those who support
them, while parents tend to simply resign themselves against that decision.
In a study by the investigator ENAH, Marinella
Borruso Miano explains that:
In traditional
fa milies the muxe' are considered by their mothers as "the best of their
children" as they develop a very important role, are those dealing with care
for children and the elderly, cooking, cleaning the house. On top of that are very productive people in the workplace and
even contribute their earnings to support the family. Another
reason why they are so prized is that they never leave them in difficult
moments of life, such as illness or old age, because, instead of heterosexual
children to leave home and form their own family the muxe' not abandon them,
but find a mate relationships are not usually this long. (2001, p. 686)
So it
was observed that although parents rejoice to have a child and simply accept
them as an inevitable fact and form time see it as a blessing for all the tasks
they perform. Although it can also be highlighted that in many cases, when
there is lack of daughters and son not shows a 'macho' behavior is bred more
feminine tendencies on the part of mothers. This shows that mothers also play
an important role in the sexuality of their children.
In the
newspapers you can see that there are a
significant number of deaths of people in Juchitan muxe'. The
main caus are AIDS as "The Isthmus of Tehuantepec ranks first in people
with AIDS: 1,383 cases; the town of Juchitan is a higher incidence "(Nivón, 2015).
Of these cases most are muxe's, a year many people die because of this, because
they do not care and often do not have a steady partner, so this causes greater
risk infected. Another cause is murder, these are hate crimes
against muxe' community, people who disagree are usually the murderers, kill
them with much violence, machete blows before habiendolos insulted and
denigrated for their sexual preferences. Often deal
with such cases families do not report because they are embarrassed or
punishment against its neighbors or others; this
is something very wrong as they leave unpunished the aggressors and these could
then follow doing these acts of evil. These facts then you can see that not all
people are tolerant of muxe's that even reach a level of attack and assassinates
which is a very serious case.
Despite this there are not many cases reporatados but remains a concern.
"In Juchitan, as among indigenous Meso and
North America, it is the work that the rest of society defines sexuality of an
individual" (Bennholdt-Thomsen, 1994). As we have seen the muxe's are an important income in the
family, normally work in making the decorations for the holidays. They
also design models that are embroidered by themselves, this is one of the most
common jobs for them; Juchitán is known for its so unique
costumes, either on a daily or party nights, there is a different for every
occasion suit, this is a respected job and good pay for it is another reason
for the they are not so bad reputation in the community, besides helping in their
homes, take care and give support to the family.
In this place a party held has
tradition, which are candles; which are
holidays that revolve around the image of a saint, Santa or Santa Cruz, these
parties are also linked to the seasons and cycl years of planting and harvesting
corn, but now this fact is lost each again. (Covarrubias, 1961)
The muxe's also have their own
candle, candle called "Bold Search Engines Danger" that " has been
held since approximately 40 years
in the second half of November." (Manzo, Page3, 2014). They meet from different parts of the
world and every year elect a queen. Even the church respects the position of
the muxe's and celebrate a Mass the day before sailing, "is a party
sisters to celebrate mother earth and dance "(Island, 2005) says the
priest of the community. It is impressive to hear this from
a priest, with the church and the Catholic community, the most opposed to be
treated the same way as others and refuse to gay marriage. Even with that the people
take to the streets to see happen to the muxe queen and all others who have been
dressed and arranged especially for this special occasion. Many people of all
sexual preferences, they go sailing, dance, enjoy the show and live among them
without much trouble. Many people enjoy this festival that promotes gender freedom and
respect for them.
There
are still many discrepancies about what really is a muxe', because they do not
see themselves as gay, but as a third gender. They say not gay because "a gay boy from Mexico City it attracts other
gay, but at a muxe' will not attract another muxe', it attracts a man
"(Island, 2005) only one
partner is considered muxe', the other is simply a man. The man living with a
woman while having sex with a woman is considered a man. Always just
one part of the couple is muxe' and the other is a man, though he is married and
has children.
"Here you are accepted as but not if you're a
couple and live with it, take it as unhygienic" (Island, 2005), it is what
it says Paola Lopez about how they are viewed by the community. As you can
see, despite being very common to be muxe' is still a bit difficult to accept
you with a partner. So not all cases are fully accepted, there are certain
factors that affect this fact how, as we saw, having a partner.
Amaranta Gómez Regalado one muxe' activist who is
political candidate, HIV prevention activist, social researcher and developer
of pre - Columbian indigenous cultural identity. A person
who shocked the world when, with only 25 years old, he ran as a candidate for
federal deputy, becoming the first transsexual candidate in Mexico. Gomez
mentions that "despite the difference, the difficulties, the penetration
of modernity and new religions, today, the muxe' dignity can not touch " (2005). As there muxe's
Amaranta very respectable that help, like any other citizen, community, promote
good things, culture, health and also seek a Mexico where people with different
sexual preferences are not afraid to be who they really are or appear in front
of other people without being attacked, den igrados or even killed.
All people deserve respect regardless of all the factors that accom panying, so
you have to open up our minds bucar and not just judge people without really
knowing them.
Juchitan is what is known among homosexuals and
transvestites as "the muxe' paradise" as they consider, among them,
there is a great respect for the dignity of these people in place; we
also saw that they are respected in their families for the help they provide to
these, despite that there is a small number of people who are not yet able to
open their minds and accept that there are different people to them, with
different tastes and preferences. Even with this
many people still respect them because they do decent jobs like selling
different products on the market, embroider and design costumes that are so
representative of the Isthmus.
The muxe's not consider themselves gay but merely a third sex. There are also muxe's are proud
of their community and do good things for her.
It was observed that most muxe's people commenting
about your case or experience to live well, feel grateful to their parents, and
not feel so socially denigrated because it is common to see many other people
like them.
Although one can not say that everything is rosy, since, although in a very
small number, there is also discrimination and even violence against these by
certain people who remain rooted to their traditions and beliefs.
So we can conclude that the hypothesis is false,
because not 100% of muxe's feel accepted and respected as there are a small
number of those who have been marginalized by the people and not feel totally
confident themselves.
Bennholdt-Thomsen,
V. (1994). Mujeres, hombres y otros sexos. En V. Bennholdt-Thomsen, Juchitán,
la ciudad de las mujeres (pág. 302). Oaxaca: Instituto Oaxaqueñode las
Culturas.
Cabrera,
I. S. (20 de Abril de 2016). Konomi.mx. Obtenido de
http://komoni.mx/los-hombres-mujeres-de-tehuantepec-o-el-mito-muxe/
CONAPRED.
(Mayo de 2010). Primera Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en México. Discriminación
contra los Homosexulaes . México.
Covarrubias,
M. (1961). El sur de México. México: Instituto Nacional Indigenista .
Gómez,
R. A. (2005). Auténticas, intrépidas, buscadoras del peligro. (A. Islas,
Entrevistador)
Islas,
A. (Dirección). (2005). Muxes: Auntenticas, intrépidas y buscadoras del
peligro [Película].
Manzo,
D. (17 de Noviembre de 2014). Obtenido de Página3:
http://pagina3.mx/2014/11/las-autenticas-intrepidas-buscadoras-del-peligro-se-han-vuelto-tradicion-en-juchitan/
Manzo,
D. (10 de Mayo de 2015). La Jornada en línea. Obtenido de La Jornada :
http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2015/05/10/entre-los-zapotecos-ser-muxeo-gay-es-algo-que-se-respeta-6697.html
Miano,
B. M. (2001). IV Congreso Chileno de Antropología. Género y Homosexualidad
entre los zapotecos del Istmo de Tehuantepec: El caso de los Muxe. Santiago
de Chile, Chile.
Nivón,
M. d. (3 de Septiembre de 2015). Obtenido de Primera en línea:
http://primeralinea.mx/incontrolable-el-sida-en-oaxaca-mujeres-las-mas-afectadas/
No hay comentarios.:
Publicar un comentario